Table of Contents
Rebounding is easy to do, inexpensive, portable, and can be done in the comfort of your home. But is rebounding good for osteoporosis? Does rebounding build bone density, can rebounding reverse osteoporosis, and is rebounding safe for osteoporosis? This post answers each of these questions.
Let’s start with the first question people often ask me: does rebounding build bone density?
Does Rebounding Build Bone Density?
Two recent research studies have considered whether rebounding builds bone density in postmenopausal women? Neither of the two research teams was able to definitively prove that rebounding built bone density.
Let’s start with a study published in 2023 in the Journal of Womenʼs Health Physical Therapy.
Mini-Trampoline as an Exercise Intervention for Postmenopausal Women
This study (1) examined the potential benefits of rebounding (or mini-trampoline jumping) as an exercise intervention for postmenopausal women. The research team in New Zealand focused on bone density and pelvic floor muscle functioning.
The study involved 37 healthy postmenopausal women who self-assigned to either an intervention group (n=29) or a control group (n=8). The intervention group followed a rebounder exercise program that lasted 12 weeks with 40-minute sessions conducted three times per week.
The control group in this study did not participate in any structured exercise intervention. They essentially maintained their normal lifestyle activities while the intervention group followed the 12-week rebounder exercise program.
The rebounder exercises were designed to improve aerobic fitness, flexibility, lower extremity strength, balance, and pelvic floor muscle activation, with intensity maintained at 40-75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate.
Participants were assessed at baseline, immediately after the 12-week intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up. Key outcome measures included:
- Bone mineral density (BMD) via quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus
- Pelvic floor muscle function measured using surface electromyography
- Urinary incontinence evaluated through questionnaires for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urge urinary incontinence (UUI)
The results showed significant improvements in the intervention group:
- Bone mineral density increased significantly post-intervention compared to the control group, with benefits still present but diminished at the 3-month follow-up.
- Stress urinary incontinence scores decreased in the exercise group, with the difference becoming statistically significant at the 3-month follow-up.
- No significant differences were found for the cough assessment or urge urinary incontinence scores.
Key Observations of Study
The researchers concluded that rebounder exercise may be an effective intervention for improving female-specific health risk factors in postmenopausal women, particularly bone density and stress urinary incontinence symptoms.
However, the study had several significant limitations, including:
- A small sample size (particularly in the control group).
- Self-assignment to either the study or control groups rather than selection via randomization.
- Measurements of bone density limited to the calcaneus of one foot.
These are significant study limitations. As a result, one cannot reasonably and confidently conclude whether rebounding can build bone density.
For example, allowing the participants choose which of the two groups one can join is problematic. If the active people joined the study group and the inactive people joined the control group, then the comparison is immediately compromised.
The Effectiveness of a Mini-Trampoline on Bone Health and Osteoporosis
A 2019 study (2) published in the journal, Clinical Interventions in Aging, evaluated the effectiveness of a rebounder exercise program for older women with osteopenia. The researchers conducted a randomized controlled trial with 40 female participants (average age 68.5 years) who were divided into an intervention group (IG, n=20) and a control group (CG, n=20).
The intervention group participated in a twelve-week rebounder exercise program. The program consisted of twice-weekly, 45-60 minute sessions on rebounders, featuring three types of exercises:
- Balance exercises (walking in place, various standing postures)
- Strength exercises for upper/lower limbs and trunk
- Jumping exercises (bouncing, jumping with various foot positions)
Researchers measured several outcomes before and after the intervention including static balance, functional mobility, upper and lower limb strength, gait speed, fear of falling, and bone density in the lumbar spine and femoral neck.
The results showed significant improvements in the intervention group compared to the control group in all parameters except bone density. Specifically, the intervention group showed improvements in static balance, functional mobility, and upper and lower limb strength. Further, the intervention group experienced an increase in gait speed, a reduction in fear of falling, but limited increase in bone density in the lumbar spine and femoral neck.
The control group showed either no change or slight decreases in most parameters during the same period.
The researchers concluded that the mini-trampoline exercise program was highly effective in improving balance, mobility, strength, gait performance, and reducing fear of falling in older women with osteopenia.
Key Observations of Study
This study was better designed than the first study (discussed above), however, it still fell short in that the researchers should have created a third study group that performed the exercises on the ground and not the rebounder. As a result, it is difficult to say whether the exercises or the rebounder led to the reported improvements.
While the research team claimed that rebounding exercises slightly improved bone density, they failed to show that the rebounding, unto itself, led to an increase in bone density. The researchers did not isolate the effect of the rebounder and failed to answer the question, does rebounding build bone density?
The intervention group performed exercises while using the rebounder while the control group “maintained their normal lifestyle.” The researchers should have created a third group where people who did the same exercises as the intervention group but without the use of the rebounder. This would have allowed fair comparison between the different groups and yielded more meaningful results.
Having a third group would have allowed us to see if the rebounder added to the effects of an exercise program or actually reduced the effects (possibly because it reduced ground reaction forces through the skeleton.
Neither study adequately demonstrated that the rebounder helped build bone density. They did however show positive impact on a number of important health metrics.
Stress urinary incontinence scores improved and that exercising on the rebounder was highly effective in improving balance, mobility, strength, gait performance, and reducing fear of falling in older women with osteopenia.
Rebounding and Osteoporosis Exercise
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Can You Use Rebounding to Reverse Osteoporosis?
Our review of the two recent studies (1, 2) clearly shows that you cannot rely upon rebounding to build bone density and, thus, reverse osteoporosis. However, you can argue that it might assist with an improvement in balance and functional mobility, and thereby reduce your risk of a fall.
Unfortunately, neither study separated the effects of exercise from exercise on the rebounder to confidently show that the rebounder itself is effective for osteopenia or osteoporosis.
Rebounding and Pelvic Floor Health
One of the most common questions I receive from women considering a rebounder is whether jumping on a mini-trampoline will help or hurt their pelvic floor. The answer, like many things in health, depends on your starting point.
What the Research Shows
The New Zealand study (1) I reviewed earlier in this post offers encouraging findings. Postmenopausal women who followed a 12-week mini-trampoline program, 40-minute sessions, three times per week, showed reduced stress urinary incontinence scores at the three-month follow-up compared to the control group. The researchers attributed this to improvements in pelvic floor muscle reaction time. The rebounder, it seems, was training their pelvic floor to respond more quickly to the sudden changes in pressure that occur with each bounce.
A separate exploratory study (5) using surface electromyography confirmed that mini-trampolining provokes significant pelvic floor muscle activity in healthy women. Each landing creates a reflexive contraction of the pelvic floor muscles, a natural training effect that many women don’t realize they’re getting.
However, the picture changes when we look at high-intensity trampolining. A Swedish study of 35 elite female trampolinists (6) found that 80% experienced involuntary urinary leakage during training. A follow-up study (7) found that the majority of those women continued to experience leakage even after they stopped trampolining, and their incontinence rates were significantly higher than the general population.
The Key Difference: Intensity and Baseline Health
The critical factor is not the rebounder itself, it’s the intensity, duration, and the health of your pelvic floor before you start.
For women with a healthy, well-functioning pelvic floor, moderate rebounding may actually strengthen it. The gentle, repetitive loading acts as a form of dynamic pelvic floor training. This is consistent with what we know about how muscles adapt to progressive challenges.
But for women with an already weakened or compromised pelvic floor, whether from childbirth, menopause, surgery, or prolapse, jumping without adequate conditioning can overload these muscles and worsen symptoms. The pelvic floor needs to be able to generate a strong, fast contraction to counteract the downward pressure created with each landing. If it cannot keep up, leakage occurs.
My Recommendations
If you are considering rebounding and have any pelvic floor concerns, here is what I suggest:
- Assess before you bounce. If you experience any urinary leakage during coughing, sneezing, laughing, or other physical activity, see a pelvic floor physical therapist before starting a rebounding program. They can assess your pelvic floor strength and help you build a foundation before adding the challenge of jumping.
- Start gently. Begin with small, controlled bounces where your feet stay in contact with the mat, a “health bounce.” This places less demand on the pelvic floor than full jumps and allows your body to adapt gradually.
- Monitor for symptoms. If you notice any leakage, a feeling of heaviness in the pelvic area, or new discomfort during or after rebounding, stop and seek professional guidance. These are signals that your pelvic floor is not yet ready for this level of challenge.
- Consider the alternatives. If rebounding proves unsuitable for your pelvic floor, there are many other ways to work on balance and bone health that place less demand on these muscles. Heel drop exercises, graduated jump training on a firm surface, and strength training are all excellent options that I cover elsewhere on this site.
- Pelvic floor health should never be sacrificed in pursuit of bone health. Both matter, and a well-designed exercise program addresses both.
Negative Side Effects of Rebounding
Rebounding is often promoted as a safe, fun, and low-impact form of exercise. Like any exercise, rebounding carries risks, and some of those risks are particularly important if you have osteoporosis, osteopenia, or other health concerns common in older adults.
In my clinical practice, I always weigh the potential benefits of an exercise against the potential harms. With rebounding, the benefits for balance and mobility are supported by research. But the potential negative side effects deserve equal attention, especially because the people most drawn to rebounders for bone health are often the ones most vulnerable to the risks.
Let’s look at what the research and clinical evidence tell us about the negative side effects of rebounding. We will start with the first significant negative side effect: vertebral compression fractures.
Vertebral Compression Fractures
The most serious documented side effect of rebounding is vertebral compression fracture.
A case series (3) reports on seven patients who developed mid-thoracic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) following regular rebounding exercise, despite having no history of high-energy trauma.
The researchers from hospitals in Seoul, Republic of Korea, documented cases of patients (one man and six women, mean age 62.86 years) who presented with progressively worsening upper back pain after beginning regular rebounding exercise. All patients developed symptoms approximately 16 days after starting rebounding exercise sessions, which typically lasted about 40 minutes and were performed 3 to 4 times weekly.
MRI scans confirmed a total of ten fractures across the seven patients, affecting vertebrae T5-T8, with T8 being the most commonly affected (four cases). Notably, only four of the seven patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis based on DEXA scans, suggesting that these injuries can occur even in individuals without significantly compromised bone quality.
Critical Findings
A critical finding was that all patients reported they had never received proper instruction on correct posture during rebounding. Instead, they exercised with:
- A “hunchback” posture
- Insufficient movement of hip, knee, and ankle joints
- Both hands holding the safety bar
The authors hypothesize that this improper technique resulted in increased peak vertical force along the gravity axis in the mid-thoracic area. When adopting a hunchback posture, gravity forces decompose into shearing and compressive forces on the inclined vertebrae, potentially leading to stress fractures from repetitive loading even without high-energy trauma.
The study highlights that while rebounding is generally considered beneficial for postural balance, stability, and muscle strength, improper technique can lead to significant injuries, including vertebral compression fractures.
Vertebral Compression Fractures After Rebounding
I want to emphasize several details from that study that are directly relevant to anyone considering rebounding for bone health:
- Not all patients had osteoporosis. Of the seven patients, only four had osteoporosis on their DEXA scans. Two had osteopenia, and one had normal bone density. This means that vertebral compression fractures from rebounding can occur even in individuals without severely compromised bone density.
- Fractures appeared quickly. Symptoms started an average of 2.5 weeks after patients began regular rebounding, typically 30 to 45 minute sessions, three to four times per week. These were not people who had been rebounding for years.
- Posture was the key factor. All seven patients reported they had never received instruction on correct posture while rebounding. They exercised with a hunched or rounded upper back (kyphosis), insufficient motion through their hips, knees, and ankles, and both hands gripping the safety bar.
- The researchers explained the mechanism: when you adopt a hunchback posture on a rebounder, the repetitive vertical force decomposes into shearing and compressive forces on the inclined mid-thoracic vertebrae. Over many repetitions, this creates a stress fracture, even without any single high-energy impact event.
- The fractures affected vertebrae T5 through T8, with T8 being the most common. This mid-thoracic region is particularly vulnerable because it sits at the apex of the thoracic curve , exactly where compressive forces concentrate in a rounded posture.
- This is why I consistently recommend that if you decide to use a rebounder, you must maintain good posture throughout your session. If you have kyphosis or a history of vertebral fractures, I would advise against rebounding altogether.
Pelvic Floor Concerns
I discuss pelvic floor and rebounding in detail above. The key point for this section is that women with existing pelvic floor dysfunction should approach rebounding with caution.
Pelvic floor health is a concern that many women don’t think about when considering rebounding, but the research suggests they should.
In addition, it is important to note that these studies involved elite trampolinists performing high-intensity training, not older adults doing gentle health bouncing on a mini-trampoline. The forces and durations are quite different.
Post Menopausal Women, Pelvic Health and Rebounding
In fact, the New Zealand study I reviewed earlier in this post (1) found the opposite effect: postmenopausal women who followed a 12-week rebounder program with 40-minute sessions three times per week actually showed reduced stress urinary incontinence at the three-month follow-up.
How do we reconcile these findings? The answer likely comes down to intensity, duration, and baseline pelvic floor health. A structured, moderate-intensity program may help strengthen the pelvic floor. But for women who already have a weak or compromised pelvic floor, whether from childbirth, menopause, or prolapse, jumping without adequate pelvic floor conditioning can make things worse.
My advice: if you experience any urinary leakage during rebounding, stop and consult a pelvic floor physical therapist before continuing. This is the same guidance I give in my post on jump training for osteoporosis, where pelvic health is an important consideration before starting any jumping exercise routine.
Joint Stress and Repetitive Loading
Rebounding is frequently described as “low impact” because the trampoline mat absorbs a portion of the ground reaction forces during each landing. This is true , the 1980 NASA study (4) confirmed that the elastic surface distributes forces more evenly through the body compared to running on a hard surface.
However, “lower impact per bounce” does not mean “no impact.” A typical rebounding session lasts 20 to 45 minutes, during which you may perform hundreds or even thousands of repetitive jumps. The cumulative loading on your knees, ankles, and spine over a single session is significant.
Research on trampoline injuries (7) has documented that the most common injuries involve the lower extremities, particularly the feet, ankles, and knees. While most of this research covers recreational and park trampolines rather than mini-trampolines specifically, the loading patterns are relevant.
For individuals with pre-existing knee osteoarthritis, ankle instability, or ligament issues, the rebounder’s unstable surface can introduce unpredictable loading that may aggravate these conditions. The surface moves in response to your landing, which requires your stabilizing muscles to work harder , a benefit for healthy joints, but a potential problem for compromised ones.
As I explain in my post on jump training for osteoporosis, in order to safely land a jump, your legs must be strong enough to absorb the forces created by the jump itself. I recommend that my clients be able to squat comfortably with 15 pounds of weight before incorporating any jumping into their exercise program. This applies equally to rebounding.
Dizziness and Vestibular Challenges
Dizziness during or after rebounding is an under-discussed side effect, but it’s particularly relevant for people with osteoporosis.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), a condition where tiny crystals in the inner ear become dislodged and trigger brief episodes of vertigo, is the most common vestibular disorder in older adults. By age 70, roughly one-third of people will have experienced BPPV at least once. And research has shown that people with osteoporosis are up to three times more likely to develop BPPV than those with normal bone density (8).
The repetitive up-and-down motion of rebounding could trigger a BPPV episode in susceptible individuals. If this happens while you are standing on an elevated, unstable surface, the risk of falling is immediate and serious. For someone with osteoporosis, a fall from a rebounder could result in a fracture, exactly the outcome you are trying to prevent.
Additionally, older adults taking blood pressure medication may experience lightheadedness during the rapid positional changes that occur with jumping. The quick shifts between loading and unloading your body can affect blood pressure and cerebral blood flow, particularly in those with cardiovascular concerns.
If you experience any dizziness, lightheadedness, or a sensation of the room spinning during or after rebounding, stop immediately and speak with your healthcare provider before continuing.
Reduced Bone-Building Stimulus
This is a side effect that may surprise you, because it’s the opposite of what rebounder manufacturers claim.
Your bones respond to mechanical loading, the forces that travel through them during weight-bearing activity. This principle, known as Wolff’s law, is the foundation of exercise-based approaches to bone health. The greater the force through the bone, the stronger the stimulus to build new bone tissue.
The rebounder’s elastic surface is specifically designed to absorb impact forces. This is the very feature that makes rebounding “low impact” and easier on your joints. But for bone-building purposes, it’s a disadvantage. By absorbing the ground reaction forces, the rebounder reduces the osteogenic stimulus that your bones need to grow stronger.
A 2024 meta-analysis of 19 randomized controlled trials (discussed in detail in my post on jump training for osteoporosis) confirmed that jump training on hard surfaces is highly effective for improving bone density at the femoral neck. These benefits come from the high ground reaction forces that travel up through the skeleton during each landing. When you perform those same jumps on a rebounder, much of that force is absorbed by the elastic surface rather than transmitted through your bones.
In other words, the very feature that makes rebounding gentler on your joints also makes it less effective at building bone. If improving bone density is your primary goal, exercises performed on a firm surface, such as stomping, heel drops, or graduated jump training, deliver a stronger stimulus to your bones.
Who Should Avoid Rebounding
Based on the evidence above and my clinical experience, I recommend that individuals with either of the following conditions either avoid rebounding or seek guidance from a qualified health professional before starting:
- Severe osteoporosis or a history of vertebral fractures. The risk of additional compression fractures is real, as the 2023 case series demonstrated , even in individuals with osteopenia or normal bone density.
- Significant kyphosis. The rounded upper back posture was identified as the primary mechanism for vertebral fractures during rebounding. If you cannot maintain an upright posture throughout a session, the rebounder is not safe for you.
- Women with pelvic floor dysfunction, prolapse, or untreated urinary incontinence. High-frequency jumping can worsen these symptoms. See a pelvic floor physical therapist first.
- Vestibular disorders or a history of BPPV. The repetitive vertical motion may trigger vertigo episodes, increasing fall risk.
- Significant balance impairments. While rebounding can improve balance over time in a supervised setting, unsupervised use with poor baseline balance adds fall risk rather than reducing it.
- Knee osteoarthritis, ankle instability, or recent lower limb injuries. The repetitive loading on an unstable surface may aggravate these conditions.
- Unable to squat properly with or without weights. If your legs are not strong enough to absorb landing forces with proper form, you are not yet ready for rebounding or any other jumping exercise.
Rebounding for Seniors
Many of my clients are women over 50 who are looking for safe, enjoyable ways to stay active and protect their bones. Rebounding appeals to this group because it is low impact, can be done at home, and does not require a gym membership or complicated equipment. But is rebounding a good choice for seniors, and how should older adults approach it differently than younger exercisers?
What the Research Tells Us
The 2019 study (2) I reviewed earlier in this post provides some of the best evidence we have on rebounding for older adults. The researchers studied 40 women with osteopenia (average age 68.5 years) who followed a 12-week rebounder program with twice-weekly sessions of 45 to 60 minutes.
The results were positive in several important areas. The women in the exercise group showed significant improvements in static balance, functional mobility, upper and lower limb strength, and gait speed. They also reported a meaningful reduction in their fear of falling. These are outcomes that matter enormously for quality of life and fracture prevention in older adults.
However, the study did not demonstrate a significant increase in bone density at the lumbar spine or femoral neck. And as I noted earlier, the study did not include a group that performed the same exercises on a firm surface, so we cannot say whether it was the rebounder or simply the exercises that led to these improvements.
That said, the balance and mobility benefits are real and clinically meaningful. For many seniors, preventing a fall is just as important as building bone density. A fracture requires both fragile bone and a fall, so anything that reduces your likelihood of falling has genuine protective value.
Safety Considerations for Older Adults
If you are an older adult considering rebounding, there are several practical safety points to keep in mind:
- Use a rebounder with a stability bar. A handlebar gives you something to hold for balance, especially during your first sessions while you build confidence on the unstable surface. That said, the 2023 case series on vertebral fractures (3) found that all seven patients were gripping the bar with both hands while adopting a hunched posture. The bar should be used lightly for balance, not leaned on.
- Maintain an upright posture throughout. This is the single most important safety rule for seniors on a rebounder.
- If you find yourself rounding forward or hunching over the handlebar, stop. A rounded thoracic spine under repetitive vertical loading is the mechanism that led to vertebral compression fractures in the case series discussed earlier in this post.
- Start with a health bounce. A health bounce involves small, gentle movements where your feet stay in contact with the mat. This is far less demanding on your joints, pelvic floor, and balance than full jumps. Begin with just two to three minutes and increase gradually as you build strength and confidence.
- Keep sessions short at first. The fracture patients in the 2023 case series were performing 30 to 45 minute sessions from the outset. There is no need to start with that duration. Five to ten minutes is a reasonable starting point for most older adults. Build up over weeks, not days.
- Make sure your legs are strong enough. As I discuss in my post on jump training for osteoporosis, your legs need to be strong enough to absorb the landing forces created by each bounce. I recommend that my clients be able to squat comfortably with 15 pounds of weight before incorporating any form of jumping into their routine. If you are not there yet, focus on building lower body strength first through strength training.
- Place the rebounder on a flat, stable surface. Use it away from furniture edges, stairs, or hard objects you could strike if you lose your balance. Some of my clients position their rebounder in a hallway so they can reach a wall on either side if they feel unsteady.
The Rebounder as Part of a Broader Exercise Program
One of the most common mistakes I see is people treating the rebounder as their entire exercise program. Rebounding offers real benefits for balance and mobility, but it does not replace strength training or weight-bearing exercise on a firm surface.
If you enjoy rebounding, I encourage you to use it as one component of a well-rounded exercise program. Pair it with strength exercises for your upper and lower body, balance work that challenges you on stable ground, and weight-bearing impact activities like walking, stomping, or heel drops. This combination addresses bone density, muscle strength, balance, and cardiovascular health, giving you a more complete foundation for healthy aging.
Some movement is always better than none. If the rebounder is what gets you moving and enjoying exercise, that has real value. Just don’t rely on it as your only tool for bone health.
What Does NASA Say About Rebounding?
Invariably, anyone who promotes the use of the rebounder as a treatment for osteoporosis points to research done in 1980 by a group of NASA researchers. Forty five years ago they published a study comparing the bio-mechanical stimuli of jumping on a mini trampoline to running on a treadmill. (4)
It was a small study group of eight males between the ages of 19 and 26 years old. They followed a strict protocol for mini trampoline and treadmill use. The research team measured the effects of both on O2 uptake and musculature. They did not study the effect on bone.
The team found that for similar levels of heart rate and VO2, the magnitude of the bio-mechanical stimuli was greater with jumping on a rebounder than with running.
They hypothesized that they could use rebounders to maintain the physical condition of their astronauts.
So, what Does NASA Say About Rebounding? They do not say anything these days as they use an evidenced-based approach to strength training.
Does NASA use rebounders in space? No. NASA uses a completely different exercise tool called ARED.
The NASA Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED)
At the Interdisciplinary Symposium on Osteoporosis (ISO) 2014, I had the pleasure hearing Nicole Stott, Astronaut, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) speak of their conditioning in space. The astronauts exercise two hours per day with a special piece of equipment called an Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED).
The exercise protocol NASA uses includes resistive strength training exercises such as squats, heel raises, dead lifts and press. They are also harnessed onto a treadmill and must run an hour each day while in space. Nicole joked that the astronauts come back to earth in better physical conditioning than when they left.
Many of these exercises are part of the Exercise for Better Bones program. Fortunately, you can do Exercise for Better Bones here on earth and you don’t need expensive gear designed by NASA engineers.
Bellicon Rebounder: Mini Trampoline for Osteoporosis
A number of readers have contacted me for my opinion of the Bellicon Rebounder: can it be used to build bone density?
As demonstrated earlier in this post, there is no research indicating that any rebounder, including the Bellicose Rebounder, can improve bone health or treat osteoporosis.
Rebounding and Osteoporosis: Conclusion and Summary
Rebounding with a mini trampoline is a popular exercise activity. Rebounders are convenient, inexpensive, and easy to use. Sadly, there is very little research indicating that rebounding is good for osteoporosis. The studies had many weaknesses including small sample sizes, short duration and the lack of a proper control group.
A rebounder studies did show that it helped with balance, gait mobility, and strength. However, be aware that there have been several cases of individuals experiencing vertebral compression fractures after using the rebounder.
My recommendation is that should you decide to use the rebounder, that you do so only if you have good posture and use it as an adjunct to strength training. Some movement is better than none at all, but the side effects to exercise should lead to positive outcomes.
I encourage you all to follow a safe and effective exercise program that considers your activity level and fracture risk, and gradually allows you to improve your bone health.
Frequently Asked Questions
Margaret Martin
Further Readings
References
- Fricke, Anja & Fink, Philip & Rowlands, David & Lark, Sally & Mundel, Toby & Shultz, Sarah. (2023). Mini-Trampoline Jumping as an Exercise Intervention for Postmenopausal Women. Journal of Women’s & Pelvic Health Physical Therapy. 47. 19-25. 10.1097/jwh.0000000000000257.
- Posch M, Schranz A, Lener M, Tecklenburg K, Burtscher M, Ruedl G, Niedermeier M, Wlaschek W. Effectiveness of a Mini-Trampoline Training Program on Balance and Functional Mobility, Gait Performance, Strength, Fear of Falling and Bone Mineral Density in Older Women with Osteopenia. Clin Interv Aging. 2019 Dec 20;14:2281-2293. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S230008. PMID: 31908438; PMCID: PMC6929928.
- Park SC, Kim HB, Chung HJ, Yang JH, Kang MS. Mid-Thoracic Vertebral Compression Fracture after Mini-Trampoline Exercise: A Case Series of Seven Patients. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Aug 24;59(9):1529. doi: 10.3390/medicina59091529. PMID: 37763648; PMCID: PMC10532981.
- Bhattacharya A, et al. Body acceleration distribution and O2 uptake in humans during running and jumping. Journal of Applied Physiology 1980; 49(5):881-887
- Saeuberli P, Schraknepper A, Eichelberger P, Luginbuehl H, Radlinger L. Reflex activity of pelvic floor muscles during drop landings and mini-trampolining — exploratory study. International Urogynecology Journal. 2018;29(12):1833–1840. PMID: 29797097.
Eliasson K, Larsson T, Mattsson E. Prevalence of stress incontinence in nulliparous elite trampolinists. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2002;12(2):106–110. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2002.120207.x. PMID: 12121428.
Eliasson K, Edner A, Mattsson E. Urinary incontinence in very young and mostly nulliparous women with a history of regular organised high-impact trampoline training: occurrence and risk factors. International Urogynecology Journal. 2008;19(5):687–696. doi: 10.1007/s00192-007-0508-4. PMID: 18224267.
Königshausen M, Gothner M, Kruppa C, et al. Trampoline-Related Injuries: A Comparison of Injuries Sustained at Commercial Jump Parks Versus Domestic Home Trampolines. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2019. PMID: 30138296.
Jeong SH, Kim JS, Shin JW, et al. Decreased serum vitamin D in idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Journal of Neurology. 2013;260(3):832–838. (Note: The BPPV-osteoporosis association has been documented across multiple studies. See also: Vibert D, et al. Audiology and Neurotology. 2003;8(6):322–325.)
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