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Walking is a simple activity that offers amazing benefits for both your body and mind – but is walking good for osteoporosis and your bones?
In this blog post, we’ll explore everything you need to know about walking and bone health. You’ll discover:
- The specific ways walking is good for osteoporosis and your bones
- How frequently should you walk for the best results
- The best walking pace for osteoporosis
But that’s not all! I’ll also share a complete walking guide that covers:
- Steps to perfect your walking form
- Essential warm-up exercises to get you started
- Beneficial cool-down stretches
- Tips to maximize the effectiveness of your walks
- Treadmill workout plans for indoor walking
As a bonus, I’ll recommend the best walking equipment to support your journey toward better bone health.
Ready to take those first steps toward stronger bones? Let’s get moving!
Key Points Made in this Article
I encourage you to read this article in its entirety, however, I recognize that it is a long read. Here is a quick walk through of the key points made in this article. You can use these to explore the individual sub-topics in this article in more detail.
- Walking has been shown to improve bone density in the hip and femoral neck area.
- Recent research indicates that you need to walk at a fast pace to improve bone health and osteoporosis.
- If it has been awhile since you have been walking or you are a slow walker, do not be discouraged. You can gradually build up your walking pace and improve bone density.
- Frequent walks are better than a single long walk.
- It can take six months or more before you a noticeable improvement occurs.
- Supplement your walking regimen with other exercises that improve your osteoporosis.
Is Walking Good for Osteoporosis?
Does walking strengthen your bones and help osteoporosis? Let’s break down these questions and examine them as they relate to bone density in the hip (the femoral neck), in the spine, and in other parts of the skeletal system.
Does Walking Increase Bone Density in the Femoral Neck and Hip?
Most research indicates that walking is effective at increasing bone mineral density in the femoral neck and hip area. This is an area that is subject to fracture in many people so walking can be beneficial to most individuals.
A study published in late 2013 indicated that “BMD (bone mineral density) at the femoral neck increased [only] after long intervention durations (of six months to one to two years).” (1)
In other words, do not expect a noticeable change in your bone mineral density in the femoral neck (as measured by the DEXA, for example) in less than six months.
Does Walking Increase Bone Density in the Spine?
The effectiveness of walking on bones in other parts of the body is mixed.
The study, mentioned above, states that walking “has no significant effects on BMD (bone mineral density) at the lumbar spine and at the radius [forearm] in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.” (1)
A meta-analysis published in 2008 also concluded that walking does not provide enough stimulus for the spine or upper body. (2)
Other studies show an improvement in bone density in the calcaneus or heel bone (3) and the lumbar spine (4).
Does Walking Improve Bone Density?
A number of meta-analyses have examined whether walking improves bone density. (5) (6)
These studies indicate that walking does improve bone density in the hip and femoral area while its effects in other areas, including the spine, might be limited.
With that behind us, how you walk matters when it comes to bone health. Since walking is generally accessible to most people, it would be good if the mere act of walking improved bone health and increased bone density. It turns out that to build bone while walking, you need to follow certain guidelines.
Let’s explore these in more detail in the next section.
Best Walking Pace for Osteoporosis
Your walking speed plays a crucial role in building and maintaining healthy bones. Research shows that a casual stroll won’t cut it – you need to pick up the pace to see real benefits for your bone health.
According to Dr. Robin Daly’s research, gentle activities like leisurely walking, cycling, or swimming don’t do much to prevent bone loss, especially in women after menopause. The good news? Walking briskly can make a real difference! (1, 5)
What is the best walking pace for osteoporosis?
A Brisk Walking Pace for Osteoporosis
What speed is considered brisk walking? A 2018 Dutch study (7) gives us clear numbers to aim for. Here’s what they found:
- Minimum speed for bone health: 2.5 miles per hour
- Ideal speed for bone strengthening: 3.1 to 3.7 miles per hour
When you walk at these faster speeds, you create forces on your hips similar to what you’d get from running or hopping. This kind of force is exactly what your bones need to stay strong!
How Can You Tell If You're Walking Fast Enough?
Here’s a simple way to check your speed: Count your steps!
- Aim for about 120 steps per minute
- Quick test: Count your right foot steps for 10 seconds
- If you count 10 right foot steps in 10 seconds, you’re hitting that ideal pace
Another (and easier) way to track your steps is to use a smart watch such as a Garmin Watch. They come in various form factors and prices. It records the details of your walks (and many other activities) and produces reports with your pace, intensity, distance and much more.
Why This Walking Pace Works
Walking briskly does two important things:
- It qualifies as a weight bearing exercise, which means it helps build bone
- It gets your heart pumping, improving your overall fitness
The researchers found that this faster walking pace can help maintain or even increase bone density in your hips. While activities like hopping might create similar benefits, they’re often too risky for people with fragile bones – making brisk walking an ideal, safer choice.
How Long and How Many Miles Should You Walk?
How long should you walk each day to keep your bones strong? The answer is simpler than you might think!
If walking is your main form of exercise, aim for:
- 21 to 42 minutes every day, or
- 150 to 300 minutes spread across your week (8)
These numbers aren’t random – they come straight from major health organizations worldwide and are backed by solid research. Scientists studying bone and brain health specifically recommend 30 minutes of daily walking.
The important thing isn’t just the time you spend walking – it’s maintaining that brisk pace we talked about earlier throughout your walk. Think of it as a power walk, not a casual stroll.
Don’t have time for long walks? Here’s something encouraging: Research published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that even shorter, more intense walks can help you live longer. (9) So if you’re pressed for time, picking up the pace for a shorter walk can still give you great benefits!
How Frequently Should You Walk for Your Osteoporosis?
While a long, leisurely walk might fit nicely into your schedule, breaking it up into shorter walks throughout the day could give your bones an extra boost. Here’s why:
When you take shorter walks, you’re more likely to maintain that bone-building brisk pace the whole time. Think about it – it’s much easier to walk quickly for 20 minutes than for a full hour!
Research shows that spreading out your impact exercises (like brisk walking) actually helps your bones respond better. It’s like giving your skeleton several mini-workouts instead of one big session.
Try this today: Instead of taking that single 60-minute walk, consider:
- Two 30-minute walks (maybe one in the morning and one after work)
- Three 20-minute walks (morning, lunch break, and evening)
This simple change in how you schedule your walks could make a big difference in strengthening your bones!
Can Walking Reverse Osteoporosis?
Let’s be clear about what walking can and can’t do for your bones. Regular brisk walking at 3.1 to 3.7 miles per hour offers real benefits – it can help maintain your bone density and might even increase it in your hips. That’s great news!
But here’s the full picture: Walking by itself won’t reverse osteoporosis. Think of osteoporosis reversal like solving a puzzle – walking is just one piece. The complete solution requires:
- Other types of exercise such as strength training and weight bearing
- Additional health interventions such as nutrition and low intensity vibration
- Consistent effort
- Time and patience
I’ve worked with clients who have successfully reversed their osteoporosis, and their success stories all share one thing in common: they used multiple approaches working together, not just walking alone.
Make brisk walking part of your bone health strategy, but remember it’s just one tool in your toolbox. If you’re serious about reversing osteoporosis, you’ll need a more comprehensive approach. Walking is a great start – but it’s just the beginning of your journey to stronger bones.
Walking and Osteoporosis Recommendations
If vigorous walking has not been part of your movement repertoire in the past six months or longer, be sure consult with your physician before you begin. Start slowly and build up your speed.
Build Up Your Strength and Balance
I encourage you to spend a few weeks building your strength and balance by following the Beginner exercises in Exercise for Better Bones. These exercises are designed to strengthen your whole body in preparation for more impact. The exercises within Exercise for Better Bones are a perfect complement to a brisk walking program.
Build Up Your Walking Pace Gradually
If you are not currently able to walk at 3.1 mph, gradually build-up with the goal to reach this speed. Here is an approach that incorporates High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) that has been shown to very beneficial.
- Begin your walk at the pace that is comfortable for you.
- After your first five minutes walk at your very fastest pace for 20 seconds then return to your comfortable pace for a 2-minute recovery.
- Repeat this four to five times, then complete your walk with your comfortable pace.
Your comfortable walking pace will increase gradually, as will your fastest walking pace.
Is Walking a Weight Bearing Exercise?
Weight bearing exercise is an essential part of an osteoporosis exercise program. Is walking a weight bearing activity?
Do You Need to Do More Than Walking to Build Bone?
Walking is an inexpensive and convenient form of cardiovascular exercise. However, it is not enough to build bone and reduce your risk of fracture.
Walking does not make you more flexible or stronger (except if you regularly walk up hills). It does not directly improve your balance. Studies have shown that walking without strength or balance training actually increases your risk for falls and/or fractures.
With that in mind, I encourage all walkers to incorporate strength, balance, posture and flexibility training into their exercise program.
Exercise and Osteoporosis
Exercise is an essential ingredient to bone health. If you have osteoporosis, therapeutic exercise needs to be part of your osteoporosis treatment program.
But what exercises should you do and which ones should you avoid? What exercises build bone and which ones reduce your chance of a fracture? Is Yoga good for your bones? Who should you trust when it comes to exercises for osteoporosis?
A great resource on exercise and osteoporosis is my free, seven day email course called Exercise Recommendations for Osteoporosis. After you provide your email address, you will receive seven consecutive online educational videos on bone health — one lesson each day. You can look at the videos at anytime and as often as you like.
I cover important topics related to osteoporosis exercise including:
- Can exercise reverse osteoporosis?
- Stop the stoop — how to avoid kyphosis and rounded shoulders.
- Key components of an osteoporosis exercise program.
- Key principles of bone building.
- Exercises you should avoid if you have osteoporosis.
- Yoga and osteoporosis — should you practice yoga if you have osteoporosis?
- Core strength and osteoporosis — why is core strength important if you have osteoporosis?
Enter your email address and I will start you on this free course. I do not SPAM or share your email address (or any information) with third parties. You can unsubscribe from my mail list at any time.
The Ultimate Walking Guide for Osteoporosis
Now that you know how walking can benefit your bones, what steps do you need to take to experience the perfect walk? I created this guide to help you achieve that goal. We will start with the right posture and proper walking form.
Now that you know good walking form, lets get into walking warm ups. We will cover these in the next section.
Warm Up Routines Before You Walk
This warm up routine is for beginner level walkers.
This warm up routine is for advanced level walkers.
Stretching Routine After Your Walk
The following routine includes six stretches to help you relax and recover after your walk. Enjoy!
How to Boost Your Walk
Want to get more out of your walk? Here are five tips on how to boost your walk.
Is Walking on a Treadmill Good for Osteoporosis?
Can’t get outside for a walk? Do you prefer to use a treadmill but wonder if it is effective for osteoporosis?
When clients ask me if walking on a treadmill is good for osteoporosis, I tell them that their bones will experience adequate compressive forces — provided they walk at the prescribed pace. This is good news for many people who live in colder climates or are unable to get outside to walk because of other constraints.
Beginner and Senior Treadmill Walking Osteoporosis Workout
Want a beginner level or senior treadmill walking workout that is good for osteoporosis? Look no further. I prepared this workout for you and your bones.
Active Level Treadmill Walking Osteoporosis Workout
Below is my active level treadmill walking workout that is good for osteoporosis.
Advanced Level Treadmill Walking Osteoporosis Workout
Below is my advanced level treadmill walking workout that is good for osteoporosis.
Tips for Your Treadmill Walking Workout
Top ten tips for how to get the most from your treadmill walking workout.
How Exercise Improves Bone Health
Exercise is an essential ingredient to bone health. If you have osteoporosis, therapeutic exercise needs to be part of your osteoporosis treatment program.
But what exercises should you do and which ones should you avoid? What exercises build bone and which ones reduce your chance of a fracture? Is Yoga good for your bones? Who should you trust when it comes to exercises for osteoporosis?
A great resource on exercise and osteoporosis is my free, seven day email course called Exercise Recommendations for Osteoporosis. After you provide your email address, you will receive seven consecutive online educational videos on bone health — one lesson each day. You can look at the videos at anytime and as often as you like.
I cover important topics related to osteoporosis exercise including:
- Can exercise reverse osteoporosis?
- Stop the stoop — how to avoid kyphosis and rounded shoulders.
- Key components of an osteoporosis exercise program.
- Key principles of bone building.
- Exercises you should avoid if you have osteoporosis.
- Yoga and osteoporosis — should you practice yoga if you have osteoporosis?
- Core strength and osteoporosis — why is core strength important if you have osteoporosis?
Enter your email address and I will start you on this free course. I do not SPAM or share your email address (or any information) with third parties. You can unsubscribe from my mail list at any time.
Walking Equipment
I am often asked by readers and clients to recommend equipment that helps build bone while walking. Here is a quick summary of my thoughts on this question.
Weighted Vest for Walking
A weighted vest provides a load through your spine and your lower body. If you have a rounded back (increased kyphosis) you can still wear a weighted vest. However, you should reduce the amount of weight in the vest and have the weight sit just below and between your shoulder blades. I have reviewed a number of weighted vests for osteoporosis and my recommended vest is the HyperVest Pro.
Ankle Weights for Walking
Ankle weights can throw off your balance and increase your risk of a fall. They will make it more likely that you catch your foot on a rise in the sidewalk or path. Finally, your ability to “catch your fall” will likely diminish because the ankle weights will slow you down as you side-step or step out as you fall.
In addition, walking with ankle weights will reduce your pace and slow you down. This is problematic because we want you to walk briskly in order to gain the most benefit for your bones.
My recommendation: avoid ankle weights when you walk.
Walking With Weights for Osteoporosis
Is it safe to walk with weights if you have osteoporosis, whether those weights are wrist weights or dumbbells?
I have reservations about using wrist weights or dumbbells when walking. Lets go through them one at a time. I explain each reservation in more detail in etc video below.
Because arm speed dictates walking pace, using wrist weights could slow you down. You need to move at a certain walking pace to improve bone health. As a result, I discourage many people from using wrist weights for this reason alone.
Secondly, wrist weights can get in the way when you need to respond to a surprising event. When you reduce your reaction time, you increase your risk that you will be unable to catch or protect yourself in the case of a fall.
Wrist weights can increase your blood pressure and the risk of a cardiovascular event.
Best Walking Shoes for Osteoporosis
I have written guidelines of selecting the best walking shoes for osteoporosis. You should also read my have a detailed blog post on minimalist walking shoes. Also consider whether you should use lace up shoes or “slip ins”.
I recommend the Icebug boots for those of you who live in snowy or icy areas. The risk of a fall is alway present and boots with a grip can keep you safe.
Walking in Bad Weather
Just because it is cold or wet you should not stop your walking exercise program. In this video, I cover two tips to keep you moving and active outside during the Fall and Winter seasons.
Walking Exercise with Resistance Bands
Looking for a specific walking exercise for your hip bone and muscle strength? Exercise for Better Bones includes the Lateral Band Walks Exercise.
Weighted Belt for Walking and Osteoporosis
If you have disc problems, shoulder, neck or back pain, a weighted belt might be a better choice than a weighted vest. A weighted belt adds to the intensity in your legs but not your back.
However, before you purchase a weighted belt, make sure that the belt (with the weights) fits your waist. Also keep in mind that the weighted belt will load your feet and knees. Too much weight through your feet could lead to plantar fasciitis.
Nordic Walking
Nordic walking is a great overall exercise routine. I encourage many clients to pick up this activity. In fact, I have written an extensive Guide to Nordic Walking for my readers and clients. Keep in mind that optimal bone building occurs when you walk at a rapid or fast pace and, unless you are an advanced Nordic Walker, you might have a difficult time hitting the prescribed speed limit.
Conclusion
Research shows that walking is beneficial for the femoral area and the hips. However, a number of variables determine whether your waling is good for osteoporosis:
- The walking pace needs to be brisk.
- Instead of one long walk for the day, people should break up that long walk into several shorter, more intense, walks.
- It will take a minimum of six months of regular brisk walking before you see the effect on your hip area.
- Incorporate other exercises into your exercise program.
If you cannot walk at a rapid pace, do not be discouraged. Gradually build up your speed over time and use an exercise program like the Exercise for better Bones program to help you build up your endurance.
Happy trails!
Further Readings
Exercise Guidelines by Country
- United Kingdom. National Health Service (NHS). https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/
- United States. President’s Council on Sports, Fitness & Nutrition. https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/physical-activity-guidelines-for-americans/index.html
- Canada. CSEP. https://csepguidelines.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/CSEP_PAGuidelines_adults_en.pdf
- Canada. CSEP Guidelines. (The preamble is an important read). https://csepguidelines.ca/adults-65/
- Australia. Physical Activity Guidelines. https://www.eatmovelive.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Physical-Activity-Guidelines-Australia.pdf
References
- Ma D, et al. Effects of walking on the preservation of bone mineral density in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause. 2013 Nov;20(11):1216-26. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000100.
- Martyn-St James M, Carroll S. Meta-analysis of walking for preservation of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Bone. 2008 Sep 43(3):521-31.
- Brooke-Wavell K, Jones PRM, Hardman AE. Brisk walking reduces calcaneal bone loss in post-menopausal women. Clin Sci. 1997;92:75-80.
- Hatori M, Hasegawa A, Adachi H, et al. The effects of walking at the anaerobic threshold level on vertebral bone loss in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int. 1993;52:411-414.
- Daly, RM et al. Exercise for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: an evidence-based guide to the optimal prescription. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2019;23(2):170-180.
- Palombaro K. Effects of Walking-only Interventions on Bone Mineral Density at Various Skeletal Sites: A Meta-analysis. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy: December 2005 – Volume 28 – Issue 3 – p 102–107.
- Pellikaan P, et al. Ranking of osteogenic potential of physical exercises in postmenopausal women based on femoral neck strains. PLoS One. 2018; 13(4): e0195463.
- American College of Sports Medicine. June 14, 2019. https://www.acsm.org/all-blog-posts/certification-blog/acsm-certified-blog/2019/06/14/walking-10000-steps-a-day-physical-activity-guidelines
- Saint-Maurice, P. et al. Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity and All‐Cause Mortality: Do Bouts Matter? Originally published 22 Mar 2018https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.007678Journal of the American Heart Association. 2018;7
- Science Daily. How walking benefits the brain. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/04/170424141340.htm
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